Overview
5578; 37816). Viviparous[3]. Produces litters of one to 10 young[4][5]. Incriminated in very few attacks but dangerous when provoked[1]. Often taken by shore anglers [2]. Used fresh for human consumption , hides for leather , liver for oil [1].
|
Near Threatened |
 |
 | |
 |
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Swarttiphaai
Common Names in Arabic:
Gursh, Jarjur
Common Names in Austronesian (Other):
Metan
Common Names in Bali:
Hiu Kejen, Merak Bulu
Common Names in Carolinian:
Metan
Common Names in Catalan:
Taur, Tauró De Puntes Negres
Common Names in Creole, Portuguese:
Tubar, Tubarão-Azul
Common Names in Czech:
Žralok černoploutvý, ralok Cernoploutvý
Common Names in Danish:
Sorttippet Haj
Common Names in Dutch:
Vlekvinhaai, Zwartpunthaai
Common Names in English:
Blacktip Shark, Black Fin Shark, Black Tip, Black Tip Shark, Black-Tip Shark, Black-Tipped Shark, Blackfin, Blackfin Shark, Blacktip Reef Shark, Blacktip Whaler, Common Blacktip Shark, Grey Shark, Requiem Shark, Shark, Small Black Tipped Shark, Small Blacktip, Small Blacktip Shark, Spot-Fin Ground Shark, Tollo
Common Names in Fijian:
Walu
Common Names in Finnish:
Mustapilkkahai
Common Names in Fon:
Ehoua
Common Names in Fongbe:
Ehoua
Common Names in French:
Mangeur D'hommes, Requin Blanc, Requin Bondeur, Requin Bord, Requin Bordé, Requin Demoiselle, Requin N, Requin Néné Pointe
Common Names in German:
Blauhai, Kleiner Atlantischer Schwarzspitzenhai
Common Names in Greek:
Karcharynos Melanoakros, Καρχαρίνος μελανόακρος
Common Names in Greek, Modern:
Karcharynos Melanoakros, Καρχαρίνος μελανόακρος
Common Names in Gujarati:
Magara, Moosi, મગરા , મુસી
Common Names in Hawaiian:
Mano Pa'ele
Common Names in Hebrew:
Karish Gdol Shinaim
Common Names in Italian:
Squalo Orlato, Squalo Pinne Nere
Common Names in Japanese:
Kamasutogari Zame
Common Names in Jawa:
Cucut Lanjaman, Hiu Lanyam
Common Names in Kannada:
Khaksi, ಖಕಸಿ, ಖಕಸಿ
Common Names in Malay:
O Chan, Yu Jereh, Yu Kepak Hitam
Common Names in Malayalam:
Paduvala-Sorrah, Pettiyan Sravu, Pettiyan-Sravu, പടുവല സോറ , പടുവാള സ്റാവ്, പെട്ടയന് സ്രാവ് , പെട്ടയന് സ്രാവ് , പെട്ടി സ്റാവ്
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
黑斑沙, 黑梢真鯊, 黑梢真鲨, 黑边鳍白眼鲛, 黑邊鰭白眼鮫
Common Names in Marathi:
Balda, Mushi, Pisori, Walu, बाळदा, मुशी, वाळु
Common Names in Papiamento:
Tribon Cassado
Common Names in Polish:
Zarlacz Czarnopletwy
Common Names in Portuguese:
Ca, Cação, Cação De Fundo, Cação-Do-Fundo, Cação-Galha-Preta, Cação-Peru, Cação-Ponta-Petra, Cação-Ponta-Preta, Cação-Sicuri, Corta-Garoupa, Galha-Preta, Machote, Marracho Macuira, Marracho-De Pontas-Negras, Marracho-De-Pontas-Negras, Serra-Garoupa, Sicuri, Sicuri-De-Galha-Preta, Sicuri-De-Ponta-Preta, Sucuri-Da-Galha-Preta, Tubar, Tubarão Galha Preta, Tubarão-Azul, Tubarão-De-Pontas-Negras
Common Names in Russian:
акула черноперая
Common Names in Samoan:
Malie
Common Names in Serbian:
Psina Ljudozder
Common Names in Spanish:
Balicero, Caz, Cazón, Macuira, Puntas Negras, Puntinegro, Tibur, Tiburón, Tiburón De Aletas Negras, Tiburón De Punta Negra, Tiburón De Puntas Negras, Tiburón Machado, Tiburon Macuira, Tiburón Manchado, Tiburón Tollo, Tiburón Volador, Tollo, Tollo Aletinegro, Volador
Common Names in Swedish:
Svartfenshaj
Common Names in Tagalog:
Pating
Common Names in Tahitian:
Oihe
Common Names in Tamil:
Kudan-Sura, குடன் சுர , குடன் சுர , குடன் சுரா
Common Names in Telugu:
Sorra, Sorrah, సొర్రా
Common Names in Thai:
Chalarm Kreep-Dum
Description
Physical Description
Species Carcharhinus limbatus
Distinctive Features: Blacktip sharks
are stout-bodied with a moderately
long and pointed
snout. They lack an interdorsal ridge
. The first
dorsal fin, positioned slightly posterior to the pectoral fin insertion
,
is high and has a narrowly pointed apex. The pectoral fins are fairly
large and pointed.
Dentition: The upper and lower jaw teeth of blacktip sharks are quite
similar in shape
, being moderately long, erect
, and narrowly pointed
with a broad base
. The upper jaw teeth are more coarsely serrated
along the cusp
and crown than are the lower teeth which have fine
serrations
Color:
The blacktip shark is dark gray/blue to brown above, and white below with a distinct white band across the flank. The black tips found on the pectoral fins, first and second dorsals, pelvic fins, and lower caudal lobe are very apparent, though they tend to fade with age. The blacktip does not usually have black tips on its anal fin. The similar-looking spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) does usually develop a black tip on its anal fin several months after birth.
Size/Age/Growth
The maximum reported length
of the blacktip shark
is 8.4 feet (255
cm). Size at birth is 15-28 inches (38-72 cm). Average adult
size
is around 4.9 feet (150 cm), weighing about 40 lbs
. (18 kg
). Age
at maturity is 4-5 years for males, and 6-7 years for females. The
maximum age
of blacktips is thought to be at least 12 years.
In waters off the southeastern U.S., the length at maturity is 4.8
feet (145 cm) total length (TL
) for males corresponding to a weight
of approximately 43 pounds
(19.5 kg) and 5.2 feet (156 cm) TL for
females corresponding to a weight of approximately 55 pounds (25
kg) (source: Castro 1996).
Males are commonly 150 cm (Total Length) in length when caught/marketed,
but may be as large as 275 cm (Total Length).
Habitat
The blacktip shark inhabits inshore and offshore waters , but is not a truly pelagic species. They are often seen nearshore around river mouths , bays , mangrove swamps, and in other estuaries, though they do not penetrate far into freshwater . They can be found offshore and over deep waters near coral reef dropoffs, but primarily stay in the upper 100 feet (30 m ) of the water column . May be found at depths of 0 to 30 meters.
Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -100 meters (0 to -328 feet).[6]
Ecology:
List of Habitats
:
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
- 10 Marine Oceanic
- 10.1 Marine Oceanic - Epipelagic (0-200m) [more info]
Biology
Reproduction
Development in the blacktip is viviparous, meaning they give birth to live, free-swimming young like others in the carcharhinid family . Males reach sexual maturity between 4.4 and 5.9 feet (135-180 cm). Females reach maturity at 3.9-6.3 feet (120-190 cm). Gestation last 10-12 months, and they give birth in late spring and early summer to 1-10 pups . Females give birth in inshore estuarine nursery grounds where the young remain for the first years of their lives.
Behavior
Predators:
Adult blacktip sharks do not have any common natural predators . Like other members of this shark family , however, the young are likely to be at risk of predation by larger sharks.
Parasites:
External parasites found on the body of the blacktip shark include the copepods Pandarus sinuatus and Pandarus smithii
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Class:
Chondrichthyes
()
- Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
()
- Infraclass:
Euselachii
()
- Cohort:
Neoselachii
()
- Order:
Carcharhiniformes
()
- Family:
Carcharhinidae
()
- Jordan & Evermann, 1896
- Genus:
Carcharhinus
()
- de Blainville, 1816
- Specific name:
limbatus
- (Valenciennes, 1839)
- Scientific name: - Carcharhinus limbatus (Valenciennes, 1839)
- Specific name:
limbatus
- (Valenciennes, 1839)
- Genus:
Carcharhinus
(
- Family:
Carcharhinidae
(
- Order:
Carcharhiniformes
(
- Cohort:
Neoselachii
(
- Infraclass:
Euselachii
(
- Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
(
- Class:
Chondrichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley • Carcharhinus brevipinna (M�ller and Henle • Carcharhinus limbatus< /i> (Müller & Henle (Ex Valenciennes) • Carcharhinus limbatus< /i> (Müller and Henle • Carcharhinus limbatus< /i> (Non Müller & Henle • Carcharhinus natator Meek & Hildebrand • Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley • Carcharias abbreviatus Klunzinger • Carcharias aethalorus Jordan & Gilbert • Carcharias ehrenbergi Klunzinger • Carcharias limbatus • Carcharias limbatus Müller & Henle • Carcharias maculipinna Günther • Carcharias microps Lowe • Carcharias muelleri Steindachner • Carcharias phorcys Jordan & Evermann • Carcharinus limbatus< /i> (Müller & Henle • Carcharinus limbatus< /i> (Müller & Henle
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
First described: Müller, J. and F.g.j. Henle Systematische Beschreibung
der Plagiostomen. Berlin, Veit, (2):29-102., 1839.
Comment: ex
Valenciennes[7].
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 28-Oct-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Carcharhinus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 36 species and subspecies in this genus:
C. acronotus (Blacknose Shark) · C. ahenea (Shortnose Blacktail Shark) · C. albimarginatus (Silvertip Shark) · C. altimus (Knopp´s Shark) · C. amblyrhynchoides (Graceful Shark) · C. amblyrhynchos (Shortnose Blacktail Shark) · C. amboinensis (Ambon Sharpnose Puffer) · C. azureus (Large Blacktip Shark) · C. borneensis (Borneo Mullet) · C. brachyurus (Black-Tipped Whaler) · C. brevipinna (Blacktipped Shark) · C. cautus (Sharks Bay Whaler Shark) · C. dussumieri (Whitecheek Shark) · C. falciformis (Sickle-Shaped Shark) · C. fitzroyensis (Creek Whaler Shark) · C. galapagensis (Galapagos Shark) · C. hemiodon (Pondicherry Shark) · C. isodon (Fintooth Shark) · C. leiodon (Smoothtooth Blacktip Shark) · C. leucas (Bull Shark) · C. limbatus (Blacktip Shark) · C. longimanus (Brown Milbert's Sand Bar Shark) · C. macloti (Hardnose Shark) · C. melanopterus (Black Fin Reef Shark) · C. obscurus (Dusky Shark) · C. perezi (Caribbean Reef Shark) · C. perezii (Caribbean Reef Shark) · C. plumbeus (Northern Whaler Shark) · C. porosus (Tiburon Peninsula Limia) · C. sealei (Black-Spot Shark) · C. signatus (Night Shark) · C. sorrah (West Australian Whaler Shark) · C. springeri (Reef Shark) · C. tilstoni (Australian Blacktip Shark) · C. velox (Whitenose Shark) · C. wheeleri (Blacktail Reef Shark)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity / By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osburn, and Leon J. Cole. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1913 url p. 165, p. 736, p. 839.
- A catalogue of the fishes known to inhabit the waters of North America, north of the Tropic of Cancer, with notes on the species discovered in 1883 and 1884, by David Starr Jordan. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1885. url p. 8.
- A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Report presented at the eighty-ninth annual meeting, Clearwater, Fla., Sept. 16-18, 1959. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960. url p. 7.
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 40.
- Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries. Washington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Off., 1905-1950. url p. 165, p. 255, p. 256, p. 283.
- California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 253.
- Commercial fisheries review. [Washington]: National Marine Fisheries Service; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.] url p. 20.
- Contributions to biology from the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. Stanford University, Calif.: The University, 1895-1904. url p. 382.
- Copeia. [New York, N.Y., etc.]: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. url p. 69, p. 78.
- Dean bibliography of fishes. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971-1973. url p. 184, p. 208, p. 9.
- FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 111.
- Fauna of New England, 8. List of the pisces, by William C. Kendall. Boston, Printed for the [Boston] Society [of Natural History] from the G. Saltonstall Fund, 1908. url p. 5.
- Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: url , , p. 1007, p. 1009, p. 135, p. 140, p. 141, p. 143, p. 144, p. 163, p. 164, p. 167, p. 167, p. 168, p. 169, p. 179, p. 208, p. 209, p. 277, p. 281, p. 288, p. 291, p. 291, p. 292, p. 334, p. 372, p. 373, p. 413, p. 451, p. 632, p. 788, p. 802, p. 816, p. 845, p. 846, p. 854, p. 911.
- Fishery bulletin. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. url p. 11, p. 18.
- Fishes of the vicinity of New York city, by John Treadwell Nichols, with an introduction by William K. Gregory. New York, Printed at the Museum, 1918. url p. 101.
- Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Editorial board: editor-in-chief John Tee-Van [and others] New Haven, Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale Univ., 1948- url , p. 270, p. 347, p. 348, p. 352, p. 368.
- Guide to marine fishes; [a new method for identification of marine fishes. New York]New York University Press[1961] url p. 231, p. 245.
- Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N.C. [etc.]Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society [etc.] url p. 158, p. 158.
- Oceanus. Woods Hole, Mass., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution url p. 31, p. 66.
- Our living oceans: the first annual report on the status of U.S. living marine resources. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1991. url p. 117.
- Pamphlets on forestry. Fish and game. [1900?- url p. 40.
- Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 90, p. 94.
- Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 67.
- Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 151, p. 164, p. 249.
- Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 12, p. 363, p. 49.
- Publication. Field Museum of Natural History. Chicago, U.S.A.: The Museum, 1910-1943. url p. 41.
- Report of the Commissioner for. .. / United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Washington: G.P.O., 1874-1905. url p. 216, p. 216.
- Sensory biology of sharks, skates, and rays / editors Edward S. Hodgson, Robert F. Mathewson. Arlington, Va.: Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy: for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. url p. 31, p. 569, p. 579, p. 581, p. 582.
- Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. url p. 41, p. 7.
- Studies on Myxosporidia; a synopsis of genera and species of Myxosporidia; with 25 plates and 2 textfigures, by Rokusaburo Kudo. .. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois, c1920 url p. 27, p. 87, p. 87.
- Studies on adult, juvenile, and larval fishes of the Gambia River, West Africa, 1983-1984 / Ann Arbor, Mich.: Great Lakes and Marine Waters Center, University of Michigan, 1985. url , .
- The Bulletin of zoological nomenclature. London, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. url p. 2.
- The fishes found in the vicinity of Woods Hole. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1898. url p. 88.
- The marine fishes of Panama. by Seth E. Meek and Samuel F. Hildebrand. 15 1923 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1923 url p. 41.
- [A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1913] url p. 165.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
- Burgess, G.H. & Branstetter, S. 2000. Carcharhinus limbatus (Northwest Atlantic subpopulation). In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
- Burgess, H. G. & Branstetter, S. 2009. Carcharhinus limbatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 31January2012.
- Compagno, Leonard J.V. (from FishBase).
- FishBase. Release date: January 5, 2010
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- Shark Specialist Group 2000. Carcharhinus limbatus. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 14 January 2007.
- Shark Specialist Group 2000. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
- Tobey Curtis. Florida Museum of Natural History
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Fish Collection
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Fish Collection
- FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: A Biological Survey of the Waters of Woods Hole and Vacinity
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bureau of Rural Sciences National commercial fisheries half-degree data set 2000-2002 (OBIS Australia)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: CSIRO Marine Data Warehouse (OBIS Australia)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: iziko South African Museum - Fish Collection
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: iziko South African Museum - Shark Collection
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1986)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1988)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1991) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1992) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1994) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1995) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1996) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1997) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1998) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 1999) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (First Semester of 2000) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1991) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1992) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1994) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1995) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1996) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1997) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1998) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 1999) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2001) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2002) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2004) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Marine and Coastal Management - Linefish Dataset (Second Semester of 2005) (AfrOBIS)
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection (AfrOBIS)
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: Vertebrate specimens
- Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle: Ichtyologie
- OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) Provider: Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
- Senckenberg: Collection Pisces
- SysTax
- SysTax: Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde, Stuttgart
- UNIBIO, IBUNAM: CNPE/Coleccion Nacional de Peces
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3863119
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-23060
- Fishbase Species ID: 874
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13529401
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 160318
- IUCN ID: 197933
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 528
Footnotes
- Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. (125, Vol. 4, Part 2), 655 p. [back]
- Bass, A.J., P.C. Heemstra and L.J.V Compagno (1986). Carcharhinidae. p. 67-87. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [back]
- Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds (1997). Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264:1309-1315. [back]
- Smith, C.L. (1997). National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. [back]
- Myers, R.F. (1991). Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. [back]
- Mean = 28.860 meters (94.685 feet), Standard Deviation = 44.810 based on 140,214 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Eschmeyer, W.N., Editor (1999). Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. [back]
